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Rat behaviours in response to repetitive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSD<\/jats:styled-content> events evoked by the application of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KC<\/jats:styled-content>l were quantified with electrophysiological recording. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify anatomical regions of cellular activation. The effects of acute valproic acid administration on the behavioural parameters and cellular activation were evaluated. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSD<\/jats:styled-content> significantly decreased locomotor activity and induced freezing in awake, moving rats, and stimulated c\u2010Fos expression in the cortex, trigeminal nucleus caudalis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNC<\/jats:styled-content>), and amygdala. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSD<\/jats:styled-content> also resulted in a prominent increase in c\u2010Fos expression in the ipsilateral thalamic reticular nucleus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRN<\/jats:styled-content>) visual sector. Electrophysiological recordings revealed propagation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSD<\/jats:styled-content> into the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRN<\/jats:styled-content>. Valproic acid pretreatment decreased the duration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced freezing episodes and reversed the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced reduction in locomotor activity. Acute valproic acid administration also significantly blocked <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced c\u2010Fos expression in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRN<\/jats:styled-content>. These findings show that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSD<\/jats:styled-content> events cause consistent behavioural responses and activate specific brain regions in awake, freely moving rats. Selective activation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRN<\/jats:styled-content> by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSD<\/jats:styled-content> and the suppression of this activation by valproic acid suggest that this brain region may play an important role in migraine pathogenesis and may represent a novel target for migraine therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,18]],"date-time":"2014-10-18T13:05:12Z","timestamp":1413637512000},"page":"120-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The thalamic reticular nucleus is activated by cortical spreading depression in freely moving rats: prevention by acute valproate administration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Nermin","family":"Tepe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Algology Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Besevler 06510 Ankara Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Bal\u0131kesir University Bal\u0131kesir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asl\u0131","family":"Filiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Algology Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Besevler 06510 Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ergin","family":"Dilekoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Besevler Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didem","family":"Akcali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology &amp; Algology Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Besevler Ankara Turkey"},{"name":"Neuropsychiatry Centre Gazi University Besevler 06510 Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yildirim","family":"Sara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Sihhiye Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayrunnisa","family":"Bolay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Algology Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Besevler 06510 Ankara Turkey"},{"name":"Neuropsychiatry Centre Gazi University Besevler 06510 Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102409360828"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Experimental absence seizures: potential role of gamma\u2010hydroxybutyric acid and GABAB receptors","volume":"35","author":"Bernasconi R.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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