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Recent studies indicate, however, that subthreshold presynaptic depolarization may facilitate spike\u2010evoked transmission, thus creating an analog modulation of spike\u2010evoked synaptic transmission, also called analog\u2013digital (AD) synaptic facilitation. Yet, the underlying mechanisms behind this facilitation remain unclear. We show here that AD facilitation at rat CA3\u2013CA3 synapses is time\u2010dependent and requires long presynaptic depolarization (5\u201310\u00a0s) for its induction. This depolarization\u2010induced AD facilitation (d\u2010ADF) is blocked by the specific Kv1.1 channel blocker dendrotoxin\u2010K. Using fast voltage\u2010imaging of the axon, we show that somatic depolarization used for induction of d\u2010ADF broadened the AP in the axon through inactivation of Kv1.1 channels. Somatic depolarization enhanced spike\u2010evoked calcium signals in presynaptic terminals, but not basal calcium. In conclusion, axonal Kv1.1 channels determine glutamate release in CA3 neurons in a time\u2010dependent manner through the control of the presynaptic spike waveform.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T05:11:32Z","timestamp":1415941892000},"page":"293-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Analog modulation of spike\u2010evoked transmission in <scp>CA<\/scp>3 circuits is determined by axonal <scp>K<\/scp>v1.1 channels in a time\u2010dependent manner"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Bialowas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 1072 Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9 UNIS Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Rama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 1072 Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9 UNIS Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micka\u00ebl","family":"Zbili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 1072 Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9 UNIS Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Marra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 1072 Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9 UNIS Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Fronzaroli\u2010Molinieres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 1072 Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9 UNIS Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Ankri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 1072 Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9 UNIS Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmond","family":"Carlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 1072 Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9 UNIS Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Debanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 1072 Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9 UNIS Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1119055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0972-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(20000131)417:1<17::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10593","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-24-10593.2002","article-title":"Timing and efficacy of Ca2+ channel activation in hippocampal mossy fiber boutons","volume":"22","author":"Bischofberger J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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