{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:47:22Z","timestamp":1789728442927,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,18]],"date-time":"2015-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA033077-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA033077-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Considerable behavioral data indicate that operant actions can become habitual, as demonstrated by insensitivity to changes in the action\u2013outcome contingency and in subjective outcome values. Notably, although several studies have investigated the neural substrates of habits, none has clearly differentiated the areas of the human brain that support habit formation from those that implement habitual control. We scanned participants with functional magnetic resonance imaging as they learned and performed an operant task in which the conditional structure of the environment encouraged either goal\u2010directed encoding of the consequences of actions, or a habit\u2010like mapping of actions to antecedent cues. Participants were also scanned during a subsequent assessment of insensitivity to outcome devaluation. We identified dissociable roles of the cerebellum and ventral striatum, across learning and test performance, in behavioral insensitivity to outcome devaluation. We also showed that the inferior parietal lobule (an area previously implicated in several aspects of goal\u2010directed action selection, including the attribution of intent and awareness of agency) predicted sensitivity to outcome devaluation. Finally, we revealed a potential functional homology between the human subgenual cortex and rodent infralimbic cortex in the implementation of habitual control. In summary, our findings suggested a broad systems division, at the cortical and subcortical levels, between brain areas mediating the encoding and expression of action\u2013outcome and stimulus\u2013response associations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,18]],"date-time":"2015-04-18T01:53:53Z","timestamp":1429322033000},"page":"1358-1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Differentiating neural systems mediating the acquisition vs. expression of goal\u2010directed and habitual behavioral control"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Mimi","family":"Liljeholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Cognitive Sciences University of California 2312 Social &amp; Behavioral Science Gateway Building Irvine CA 92697 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