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Enrichment of these scaffolds with cells intended to support axonal regeneration has been explored as a strategy to boost axonal regeneration across these nerve guides Ansselin <jats:italic>et\u00a0al<\/jats:italic>. (1998). In the present study, 20\u00a0mm rat sciatic nerve defects were implanted with a cell\u2010seeded microstructured collagen nerve guide (Perimaix) or an autologous nerve graft. Under the influence of seeded, pre\u2010differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells, axons regenerated well into the Perimaix nerve guide. Myelination\u2010related parameters, like myelin sheath thickness, benefitted from an additional seeding with pre\u2010differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells. Furthermore, both the number of retrogradely labelled sensory neurons and the axon density within the implant were elevated in the cell\u2010seeded scaffold group with pre\u2010differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells. However, a pre\u2010differentiation had no influence on functional recovery. An additional cell seeding of the Perimaix nerve guide with mesenchymal stromal cells led to an extent of\u00a0functional recovery, independent of the differentiation status, similar to autologous nerve transplantation. These findings encourage further investigations on pre\u2010differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells as a cellular support for peripheral nerve regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,22]],"date-time":"2015-08-22T10:23:10Z","timestamp":1440238990000},"page":"404-416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Pre\u2010differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells in combination with a microstructured nerve guide supports peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat sciatic nerve model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Arne Hendrik","family":"Boecker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Burn Center University Hospital RWTH Aachen Pauwelsstrasse 30 52074 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabien Geraldine Antonia","family":"van Neerven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Burn Center University Hospital RWTH Aachen Pauwelsstrasse 30 52074 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Scheffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Burn Center University Hospital RWTH Aachen Pauwelsstrasse 30 52074 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Tank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Burn Center University Hospital RWTH Aachen Pauwelsstrasse 30 52074 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haktan","family":"Altinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Evangelic Hospital Bethel Bielefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Seidensticker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M.A.R.C.O. 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