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These oscillations show a rich temporal organization, whose relationship with behavioural variables is not well understood. Here, we show that, in rats performing a conditioned approach task, low\u2010gamma and high\u2010gamma oscillations during an immobile reward anticipation epoch were largely insensitive to outcome value, even though rats distinguished behaviourally between different outcomes, and single units encoded outcome value. Behaviour was highly stereotyped, yet we observed large variability from trial to trial in the occurrence and timing of these oscillations. Furthermore, higher\u2010order features such as high\u2010gamma power leading low\u2010gamma power, and phase\u2010amplitude coupling to lower\u2010frequency bands, were only marginally modulated by outcome value. Moreover, these patterns closely resembled those found during off\u2010task rest periods in which no rewards could be earned. These observations suggest a new interpretation of ventral striatal gamma oscillations as reflecting a default or resting state, with only minor and highly variable modulation by specific task\u2010related variables.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,12]],"date-time":"2015-09-12T15:40:43Z","timestamp":1442072443000},"page":"2818-2832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ventral striatal gamma oscillations are highly variable from trial to trial, and are dominated by behavioural state, and only weakly influenced by outcome value"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sushant","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Centre for Theoretical Neuroscience University of Waterloo Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob W.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Centre for Theoretical Neuroscience University of Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Neuroscience McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs A. 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