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The crucial trigger for the establishment of this asymmetry is the position of the embryo inside the egg, which exposes the right eye to light falling through the egg shell. As a result, the right\u2010sided retina is more strongly stimulated with light during embryonic development. However, it is unknown how this embryonic light stimulation is transduced to the brain as rods and cones are not yet functional. A possible solution could be the blue\u2010light\u2010sensitive molecule cryptochrome\u00a01 (Cry1), which is expressed in retinal ganglion cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGC<\/jats:styled-content>s) of several mammalian and avian species. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGC<\/jats:styled-content>s have been shown to be functional during the time of induction of asymmetry and possess projections to primary visual areas. Therefore, Cry1\u2010containing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGC<\/jats:styled-content>s could be responsible for induction of asymmetry. The aim of this study was to identify the expression pattern of the Cry1 subtype Cry1b in the retina of embryonic, post\u2010hatch and adult pigeons by immunohistochemical staining and to show whether Cry1b\u2010containing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGC<\/jats:styled-content>s project to the optic tectum. Cry1b\u2010positive cells were indeed mainly found in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGC<\/jats:styled-content> layer and to lesser extent in the inner nuclear layer at all ages, including the embryonic stage. Tracing in adult animals revealed that at least a subset of Cry1b\u2010containing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGC<\/jats:styled-content>s project to the optic tectum. Thus, Cry1b\u2010containing RGCs within the embryonic retina could be involved in the induction of asymmetries in the visual system of pigeons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T14:36:43Z","timestamp":1446647803000},"page":"162-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cryptochrome 1b: a possible inducer of visual lateralization in pigeons?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Str\u00f6ckens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 150 44780 Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"G\u00fcnt\u00fcrk\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 150 44780 Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902350309"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02276-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2006.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025972"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(85)90051-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005785"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012747605-6\/50002-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511546372.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199812210-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200212030-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008533107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Brain of the Pigeon (Columba livia)","author":"Karten H.J.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0072050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290050074"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.113.6.1257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(03)00035-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04410.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.11.6097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-004-0578-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405968101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020091"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1357650X.2011.626561","article-title":"Lateralisation of conspecific vocalisation in non\u2010human vertebrates","volume":"18","author":"Ocklenburg S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laterality"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000129575.43925.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"384","article-title":"Development of the two visual pathways and lateralized visual function in the chicken","volume":"52","author":"Rogers L.J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Zool Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(98)00094-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"503","article-title":"Comparative analysis of retina structure and photopic electroretinograms in developing altrical pigeons (Columba livia) and precocial Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)","volume":"18","author":"Rojas L.M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ornitol. 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