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Oscillations in the gamma band (30\u201345\u00a0Hz) of the electroencephalogram (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>) have been involved in these cognitive functions. In previous studies, we analysed the extent of functional connectivity between cortical areas employing the \u2018mean squared coherence' analysis of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> gamma band. We demonstrated that gamma coherence is maximal during alert wakefulness and is almost absent during rapid eye movement (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content>) sleep. The nucleus pontis oralis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPO<\/jats:styled-content>) is critical for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content> sleep generation. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPO<\/jats:styled-content> is considered to exert executive control over the initiation and maintenance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content> sleep. In the cat, depending on the previous state of the animal, a single microinjection of carbachol (a cholinergic agonist) into the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPO<\/jats:styled-content> can produce either <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content> sleep [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content> sleep induced by carbachol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content>c)] or a waking state with muscle atonia, i.e. cataplexy [cataplexy induced by carbachol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>)]. In the present study, in cats that were implanted with electrodes in different cortical areas to record polysomnographic activity, we compared the degree of gamma (30\u201345\u00a0Hz) coherence during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content>c, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content> and naturally\u2010occurring behavioural states. Gamma coherence was maximal during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content> and alert wakefulness. In contrast, gamma coherence was almost absent during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content>c as in naturally\u2010occurring <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content> sleep. We conclude that, in spite of the presence of somatic muscle paralysis, there are remarkable differences in cortical activity between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content>c and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>, which confirm that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> gamma (\u224840\u00a0Hz) coherence is a trait that differentiates wakefulness from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content> sleep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T13:43:02Z","timestamp":1450186982000},"page":"580-589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Neocortical 40\u00a0Hz oscillations during carbachol\u2010induced rapid eye movement sleep and cataplexy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Torterolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda del Sue\u00f1o Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Castro\u2010Zaballa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda del Sue\u00f1o Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mat\u00edas","family":"Cavelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda del Sue\u00f1o Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Chase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WebSciences International and UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atilio","family":"Falconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda del Sue\u00f1o Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica General Flores 2125 11800 Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000061566"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"The Brain Stem of the cat. 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