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However, although genetic and pharmacological impairment of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKC<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3 were shown to prevent mechanical allodynia in animal models of pain, after nerve injury or reduced inhibition, the functional consequences of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKC<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3 activation alone on mechanical sensitivity are still unknown. Using behavioural and anatomical approaches in the rat<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDH<\/jats:styled-content>, we tested whether<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKC<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3 activation in naive animals is sufficient for the establishment of mechanical allodynia. Intracisternal injection of the phorbol ester, 12,13\u2010dibutyrate concomitantly induced static as well as dynamic facial mechanical allodynia. Monitoring neuronal activity within the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDH<\/jats:styled-content>with phospho\u2010extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinases 1 and 2 immunoreactivity revealed that activation of both lamina I\u2013outer lamina<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\u2013outer lamina<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>neurons, including lamina<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKC<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3\u2010expressing interneurons, was associated with the manifestation of mechanical allodynia. Phorbol ester, 12,13\u2010dibutyrate\u2010induced mechanical allodynia and associated neuronal activations were all prevented by inhibiting selectively segmental<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKC<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3 with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIG<\/jats:styled-content>31\u20101. Our findings suggest that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKC<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3 activation, without any other experimental manipulation, is sufficient for the development of static and dynamic mechanical allodynia. Lamina<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKC<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3 interneurons have been shown to be directly activated by low\u2010threshold mechanical inputs carried by myelinated afferents. Thus, the level of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKC<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3 activation within<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKC<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3 interneurons might gate the transmission of innocuous mechanical inputs to lamina I, nociceptive output neurons, thus turning touch into pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T02:09:31Z","timestamp":1452478171000},"page":"802-810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Activation of medullary dorsal horn \u03b3 isoform of protein kinase C interneurons is essential to the development of both static and dynamic facial mechanical allodynia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Pham\u2010Dang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Douleur Trig\u00e9minale et Migraine BP 10448 Neuro\u2010Dol Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire INSERM\/UdA U1107 Clermont Universit\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 d'Auvergne 2 rue de Braga F\u201063100 Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"},{"name":"CHU Clermont\u2010Ferrand Service d'Odontologie Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Descheemaeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douleur Trig\u00e9minale et Migraine BP 10448 Neuro\u2010Dol Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire INSERM\/UdA U1107 Clermont Universit\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 d'Auvergne 2 rue de Braga F\u201063100 Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhouane","family":"Dallel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douleur Trig\u00e9minale et Migraine BP 10448 Neuro\u2010Dol Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire INSERM\/UdA U1107 Clermont Universit\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 d'Auvergne 2 rue de Braga F\u201063100 Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"},{"name":"CHU Clermont\u2010Ferrand Service d'Odontologie Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Artola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douleur Trig\u00e9minale et Migraine BP 10448 Neuro\u2010Dol Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire INSERM\/UdA U1107 Clermont Universit\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 d'Auvergne 2 rue de Braga F\u201063100 Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20001204)428:1<45::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90027-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00283-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(01)00076-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2008.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00111-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00239-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3606","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-10-03606.1989","article-title":"Multiple effects of phorbol esters in the rat spinal dorsal horn","volume":"90","author":"Gerber G.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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