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Investigations of the neural network organization have been hampered because conventional electrophysiological means have some technical limitations. In this study, the multiple\u2010site optical recording technique with a voltage\u2010sensitive dye was employed to survey the developmental organization of the vagal system in the mouse embryo. Stimulation of the vagus nerve in E11\u2013E14 mouse embryos elicited optical responses in areas corresponding to the vagal sensory and motor nuclei. Postsynaptic responses in the first\u2010order sensory nucleus, the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTS<\/jats:styled-content>), were identified from E11, suggesting that sensory information becomes transferred to the brain at this stage. In addition to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTS<\/jats:styled-content>, optical responses were identified in the rostral and contralateral brainstem regions, which corresponded to second\/higher order nuclei of the vagus nerve including the parabrachial nucleus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBN<\/jats:styled-content>). Postsynaptic responses in the second\/higher\u2010order nuclei were detected from E12, suggesting that polysynaptic networks were functional at this stage. We discuss the results of our optical mapping, comparing them with previous findings obtained in the chick and rat embryos, and suggest some fundamental principles in the functional organization of synaptic networks in the embryonic brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,23]],"date-time":"2016-05-23T18:14:04Z","timestamp":1464027244000},"page":"1906-1918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Development of synaptic networks in the mouse vagal pathway revealed by optical mapping with a voltage\u2010sensitive dye"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Yoko","family":"Momose\u2010Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics College of Nutrition Kanto Gakuin University 1\u201050\u20101 Mutsuura\u2010Higashi, Kanazawa\u2010ku Yokohama 236\u20108503 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsushige","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences Faculty of Human Health Komazawa Women's University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-68479-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Atlas of Prenatal Rat Brain Development","author":"Altman J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(00)00215-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-08907-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(95)00010-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.101.4.697"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1988.68.4.1285"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902930404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)00123-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.40.443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1991.71.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/290595a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017496"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018812"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016848"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902560405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00232-005-0829-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2011.01.012"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"S130","article-title":"Optical mapping of vagus nerve\u2010related brainstem nuclei in the mouse embryo","volume":"65","author":"Momose\u2010Sato Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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