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Although the mechanisms underlying experience\u2010dependent plasticity during early development have been well documented, the corresponding understanding in the mature cortex is less complete. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying whisker deprivation\u2010induced synaptic plasticity in the barrel cortex in adolescent mice. Layer 4 (L4) to L2\/3 excitatory synapses play a crucial role for whisker experience\u2010dependent plasticity in rodent barrel cortex and whisker deprivation is known to depress synaptic strength at L4\u2013L2\/3 synapses in adolescent and adult animals. We found that whisker deprivation for 5\u00a0days or longer decreased the presynaptic glutamate release probability at L4\u2013L2\/3 synapses in the barrel cortex in adolescent mice. This whisker deprivation\u2010induced depression was restored by daily administration of a positive allosteric modulator of the type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5). On the other hand, the administration of mGluR5 antagonists reproduced the effect of whisker deprivation in whisker\u2010intact mice. Furthermore, chronic and selective suppression of inositol 1,4,5\u2010trisphosphate (IP<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) signaling in postsynaptic L2\/3 neurons decreased the presynaptic release probability at L4\u2013L2\/3 synapses. These findings represent a previously unidentified mechanism of cortical plasticity, namely that whisker experience\u2010dependent mGluR5\u2010IP<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> signaling in the postsynaptic neurons maintains presynaptic function in the adolescent barrel cortex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T09:22:40Z","timestamp":1464254560000},"page":"2004-2014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Whisker experience\u2010dependent mGluR signaling maintains synaptic strength in the mouse adolescent cortex"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Kubota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7\u20103\u20101 Hongo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo 113\u20100033 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Mikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7\u20103\u20101 Hongo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo 113\u20100033 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Toho University Ota\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Kanemaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7\u20103\u20101 Hongo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo 113\u20100033 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Sekiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7\u20103\u20101 Hongo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo 113\u20100033 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7\u20103\u20101 Hongo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo 113\u20100033 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masamitsu","family":"Iino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7\u20103\u20101 Hongo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo 113\u20100033 Japan"},{"name":"Division of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Nihon University School of Medicine Itabashi\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8759","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-25-08759.2003","article-title":"Development of columnar topography in the excitatory layer 4 to layer 2\/3 projection in rat barrel cortex","volume":"23","author":"Bender K.J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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