{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:02:31Z","timestamp":1760014951949},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"LUA-ALF Foundation of the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg","award":["ALFGBG-431361","ALFGBG-508411","ALFGBG-441051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-431361","ALFGBG-508411","ALFGBG-441051"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reactivation of varicella zoster virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VZV<\/jats:styled-content>) can manifest with facial palsy diagnosed as Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHS<\/jats:styled-content>) or Ramsay Hunt Syndrome zoster sine herpete (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZSH<\/jats:styled-content>). These syndromes are associated with poor prognosis despite treatment with antivirals and corticosteroids. Concentrations of biomarkers such as neurofilament protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NFL<\/jats:styled-content>), S\u2010100\u03b2 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFA<\/jats:styled-content>p) have previously been measured in cerebrospinal fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>) to assess neuronal damage and glial pathology. We employed immunochemical methods to measure concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NFL<\/jats:styled-content>, S\u2010100\u03b2 protein and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFA<\/jats:styled-content>p in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> from patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZSH<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a013) diagnosed by detection of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VZV DNA<\/jats:styled-content> in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> by quantitative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, and compared with a control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a052). The biomarker concentrations were correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> viral load and outcome measured by House\u2010Brackmann score. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NFL<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFA<\/jats:styled-content>p concentrations were increased compared with controls (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.008 and <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.04), while S\u2010100\u03b2 levels were decreased. This pattern was more pronounced in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHS<\/jats:styled-content> compared to the patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RHS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZSH<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.028). The amount of viral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> correlated with increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFA<\/jats:styled-content>p (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.003) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NFL<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.006). No correlations were found between biomarker concentrations and patient outcome. Patients with facial palsy caused by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VZV<\/jats:styled-content> had biochemical signs of neuronal damage and astrogliosis. High amounts of viral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> may be associated with the degree of damage on neuronal and astroglial cells. Prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the association of elevated biomarkers in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> and outcome assessed by more sensitive tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T13:57:09Z","timestamp":1474293429000},"page":"2944-2949","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid viral load and biomarkers of neuronal and glial cells in Ramsay Hunt syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Johan","family":"Lindstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Diagnosv\u00e4gen 21 Gothenburg SE\u2010416 85 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Grahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Diagnosv\u00e4gen 21 Gothenburg SE\u2010416 85 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Neuroscience UCL Institute of Neurology London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Studahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Diagnosv\u00e4gen 21 Gothenburg SE\u2010416 85 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-003-0202-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(73)90027-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.10.1254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486709128786"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"154","article-title":"Correlation of MRI, clinical, and electroneuronographic findings in acute facial nerve palsy","volume":"17","author":"Brandle P.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. 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