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Herein, we hypothesized that miR\u2010219 might promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and attenuate demyelination in a cuprizone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPZ<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010induced demyelinated model by regulating the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCT<\/jats:styled-content>1. We found that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPZ<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated mice exhibited significantly increased anxiety in the open field test. However, miR\u2010219 reduced anxiety as shown by an increase in the total distance, the central distance and the mean amount of time spent in the central area. miR\u2010219 decreased the quantity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPC<\/jats:styled-content>s and increased the number of oligodendrocytes and the level of myelin basic protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MBP<\/jats:styled-content>) and cyclic nucleotide 3\u2032 phosphodiesterase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNP<\/jats:styled-content>) protein. Ultrastructural studies further confirmed that the extent of demyelination was attenuated by miR\u2010219 overexpression. Meanwhile, miR\u2010219 also greatly enhanced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCT<\/jats:styled-content>1 expression via suppression of oligodendrocyte differentiation inhibitors, Sox6 and Hes5, treatment with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCT<\/jats:styled-content>1 inhibitor \u03b1\u2010cyano\u20104\u2010hydroxycinnamate (4\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIN<\/jats:styled-content>) reduced the number of oligodendrocytes and the protein levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MBP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNP<\/jats:styled-content>. Taken together, these results suggest a novel mode of action of miR\u2010219 via <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCT<\/jats:styled-content>1 <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> and may provide a new potential remyelination therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T07:32:40Z","timestamp":1479799960000},"page":"249-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["miR\u2010219 attenuates demyelination in cuprizone\u2010induced demyelinated mice by regulating monocarboxylate transporter 1"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Sihan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Neurobiology Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221000 China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University 99 Huaihai Road Xuzhou 221009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanlu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory No. 100 Hospital of CPLA Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuebin","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Neurobiology Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221000 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuxiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Neurobiology Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221000 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuxing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Neurobiology Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221000 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadav Kaushal","family":"Chand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Neurobiology Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221000 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University 99 Huaihai Road Xuzhou 221009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7617-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiqin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Neurobiology Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221000 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deqin","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University 99 Huaihai Road Xuzhou 221009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"426092","article-title":"The protective effects of areca catechu extract on cognition and social interaction deficits in a cuprizone\u2010induced demyelination model","volume":"205","author":"Adilijiang A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid. 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