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Specifically, the expression of connexin36 (Cx36) protein and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>has been examined in the pineal, but the identity of cells that produce Cx36 and that form Cx36\u2010containing gap junctions has not been determined. We used immunofluorescence and freeze fracture replica immunogold labelling (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FRIL<\/jats:styled-content>) of Cx36 to investigate the cellular and subcellular localization of Cx36 in the pineal gland of adult mouse and rat. Immunofluorescence labelling of Cx36 was visualized exclusively as puncta or short immunopositive strands that were distributed throughout the pineal, and which were absent in pineal sections from Cx36 null mice. By double immunofluorescence labelling, Cx36 was localized to tryptophan hydroxylase\u2010positive and 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine\u2010positive pinealocyte cell bodies and their large initial processes, including at intersections of those processes and at sites displaying a confluence of processes. Labelling for the cell junction marker zonula occludens\u20101 (ZO\u20101) either overlapped or was closely associated with labelling for Cx36. Pinealocytes thus form Cx36\u2010containing gap junctions that also incorporate the scaffolding protein ZO\u20101. FRIL revealed labelling of Cx36 at ultrastructurally defined gap junctions between pinealocytes, most of which was at gap junctions having reticular, ribbon or string configurations. The results suggest that the endocrine functions of pinealocytes and their secretion of melatonin is supported by their intercellular communication via Cx36\u2010containing gap junctions, which may now be tested by the use of Cx36 null mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]],"date-time":"2017-05-05T11:04:39Z","timestamp":1493982279000},"page":"1594-1605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Connexin36 localization to pinealocytes in the pineal gland of mouse and rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"S. G.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Manitoba 745 Bannatyne Ave Winnipeg MB R3E 0J9 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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