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Previous studies have consistently shown that the lateral prefrontal cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">lPFC<\/jats:styled-content>) and the adjacent orbitofrontal cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">lOFC<\/jats:styled-content>) play a causal role in mediating the effect of sanction threat on norm compliance. However, most of these studies were conducted in gain domain in which resources are distributed. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying norm compliance in loss domain in which individual sacrifices are needed. Here we employed a modified version of dictator game (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DG<\/jats:styled-content>) and high\u2010definition transcranial direct current stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>) to investigate to what extent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">lPFC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">lOFC<\/jats:styled-content> is involved in norm compliance (with and without sanction threat) in both gain\u2010 and loss\u2010sharing contexts. Participants allocated a fixed total amount of monetary gain or loss between themselves and an anonymous partner in multiple rounds of the game. A computer program randomly decided whether a given round involved sanction threat for the participants. Results showed that disruption of the right <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">lPFC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">lOFC<\/jats:styled-content> by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> increased the voluntary norm compliance in the gain domain, but not in the loss domain; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">lPFC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">lOFC<\/jats:styled-content> had no effect on compliance under sanction threat in either the gain or loss domain. Our findings reveal a context\u2010dependent nature of norm compliance and differential roles of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">lPFC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">lOFC<\/jats:styled-content> in norm compliance in gain and loss domains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T13:06:38Z","timestamp":1500296798000},"page":"2088-2095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Lateral prefrontal\/orbitofrontal cortex has different roles in norm compliance in gain and loss domains: a transcranial direct current stimulation study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Yunlu","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongbin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-4360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"PKU\u2010IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-0984(05)13001-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430299021004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.04.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"735","article-title":"A pilot study on effects of 4x1 high\u2010definition tDCS on motor cortex excitability","volume":"2012","author":"Caparelli\u2010Daquer E.M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Conf. 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