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These projections are integrated by striatal microcircuits containing both spiny projection neurons and local circuit interneurons. To explore target cell specificity of these projections, we compared inputs onto D1\u2010dopamine receptor\u2010positive spiny neurons, parvalbumin\u2010positive fast\u2010spiking interneurons and somatostatin\u2010positive low\u2010threshold\u2010spiking interneurons, using cell type\u2010specific rabies virus tracing and optogenetic\u2010mediated projection neuron recruitment in mice. While the relative proportion of retrogradely labelled projection neurons was similar between target cell types, the convergence of inputs was systematically higher for projections onto fast\u2010spiking interneurons. Rabies virus is frequently used to assess cell\u2010specific anatomical connectivity but it is unclear how this correlates to synaptic connectivity and efficacy. To test this, we compared tracing data with target cell\u2010specific measures of synaptic efficacy for anterior cingulate cortex and parafascicular thalamic projections using novel quantitative optogenetic measures. We found that target\u2010specific patterns of convergence were extensively modified according to region of projection neuron origin and postsynaptic cell type. Furthermore, we observed significant divergence between cell type\u2010specific anatomical connectivity and measures of excitatory synaptic strength, particularly for low\u2010threshold\u2010spiking interneurons. Taken together, this suggests a basic uniform connectivity map for striatal afferent inputs upon which presynaptic\u2013postsynaptic interactions impose substantial diversity of physiological connectivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]],"date-time":"2018-01-23T05:43:59Z","timestamp":1516686239000},"page":"623-636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Integrated anatomical and physiological mapping of striatal afferent projections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kyuhyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Clinical Research Building, Room 226 Philadelphia PA 19104 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth N.","family":"Holly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Clinical Research Building, Room 226 Philadelphia PA 19104 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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