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It is less clear whether sensory neurons respond in a similar manner to neuronal activation following peripheral axotomy. Further, it is unknown to what extent enhancement of axon regeneration with increased neuronal activity relies on a reflexive interaction within the spinal circuitry. We used mouse genetics and optical tools to evaluate\u00a0the precision and selectivity of system\u2010specific neuronal activation to enhance axon regeneration in a mixed nerve. We evaluated sensory and motor axon regeneration in two different mouse models expressing the light\u2010sensitive cation channel, channelrhodopsin (ChR2). We selectively activated either sensory or motor axons using light stimulation combined with transection and repair of the sciatic nerve. Regardless of genotype, the number of ChR2\u2010positive neurons whose axons had regenerated successfully was greater following system\u2010specific optical treatment, with no effect on the number of ChR2\u2010negative neurons (whether motor or sensory neurons). We conclude that acute system\u2010specific neuronal activation is sufficient to enhance both motor and sensory axon regeneration. This regeneration\u2010enhancing effect is likely cell autonomous.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T07:02:41Z","timestamp":1516777361000},"page":"294-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Optogenetically enhanced axon regeneration: motor versus sensory neuron\u2010specific stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5379-3644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia J.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology Emory University School of Medicine 615 Michael Street Room 425 Atlanta GA 30322 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Scott L.","family":"Clanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology Emory University School of Medicine 615 Michael Street Room 425 Atlanta GA 30322 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur W.","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology Emory University School of Medicine 615 Michael Street Room 425 Atlanta GA 30322 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-07-02602.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01095.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00892.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22645"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-1990-13416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-06-02730.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-21-08674.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00129.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.71.2.817"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.64.6.1733"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20339"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00028.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2011.03.0033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2752(1998)18:7<397::AID-MICR2>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.01.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/698256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1620-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13550"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.07.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/392591"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-7-100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098633"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2228"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1085-9489.2003.03027.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00335.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0886-0440.2003.02073.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.111.15.2129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/22.12.1077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Physiological aspects of synaptic plasticity: the Ia\/motoneuron connection as a model","volume":"47","author":"Mendell L.M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv. 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