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Our working hypothesis is that so\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    efficacy is strongly dependent upon the susceptibility of the underlying network. One component determining susceptibility of the network is hypothesized to be reflected in learning or \u2018task\u2010induced\u2019 plastic changes. Another component is hypothesized to represent inter\u2010individual confounds. Twenty\u2010five (15 female) healthy students participated in two learning conditions with and without so\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    during early nocturnal\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NREM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    sleep and in one control condition without learning tasks. So\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was applied in five 5\u2010min blocks.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was assessed during two time windows: an acute period with five 1\u2010min epochs after each stimulation block and a 150\u2010min post\u2010stimulation time period. Inter\u2010individual differences were assessed by a memory quotient (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and subjects classified into high\u2010 vs. low\u2010scoring groups. Although so\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was efficient in enhancing fast spindle parameters in the 150\u2010min time period in all subjects, so\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    failed to modulate memory consolidation. In contrast, in subjects with a high\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , memory retention on a figural paired\u2010associate task was significantly increased after so\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Task\u2010induced slow spindle density was modulated in the opposite direction in subjects with high vs. low\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    being increased in the high\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    group only. Effects of so\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    on\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were limited to fast spindle modulations in both time windows. These results reveal that inter\u2010individual confound can impact so\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    efficacy, suggesting potential use of such factors as biomarkers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T13:05:04Z","timestamp":1519650304000},"page":"812-823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Efficacy of slow oscillatory\u2010transcranial direct current stimulation on\n                    <scp>EEG<\/scp>\n                    and memory \u2013 contribution of an inter\u2010individual factor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Ping Chai","family":"Koo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology University of L\u00fcbeck 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