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Analysis of zebrafish exposed to alcohol during embryonic development confirmed that even low concentrations of alcohol for a short period of time may have lasting behavioral consequences at the adult or old age. The mechanism of this alteration has not been studied. Here, we immersed zebrafish embryos into 1% alcohol solution (vol\/vol%) at 24\u00a0hr post\u2010fertilization (hpf) for 2\u00a0hr and analyzed potential changes using immunohistochemistry. We measured the number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDNF<\/jats:styled-content> (brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCAM<\/jats:styled-content> (neuronal cell adhesion molecule)\u2010positive neurons and the intensity of synaptophysin staining in eight brain regions: lateral zone of the dorsal telencephalic area, medial zone of the dorsal telencephalic area, dorsal nucleus of the ventral telencephalic area, ventral nucleus of the ventral telencephalic area, parvocellular preoptic nucleus, ventral habenular nucleus, corpus cerebella and inferior reticular formation. We found embryonic alcohol exposure to significantly reduce the number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive cells in all brain areas studied as compared to control. We also found alcohol to significantly reduce the intensity of synaptophysin staining in all brain areas except the cerebellum and preoptic area. These neuroanatomical changes correlated with previously demonstrated reduction of social behavior in embryonic alcohol\u2010exposed zebrafish, raising the possibility of a causal link. Given the evolutionary conservation across fish and mammals, we emphasize the implication of our current study for human health: even small amount of alcohol consumption may be unsafe during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]],"date-time":"2018-05-30T14:20:42Z","timestamp":1527690042000},"page":"1457-1473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Lasting changes induced by mild alcohol exposure during embryonic development in <scp>BDNF<\/scp>,<scp> NCAM<\/scp> and synaptophysin\u2010positive neurons quantified in adult zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Mahabir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Systems Biology University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dipashree","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga  Mississauga ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Misquitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga  Mississauga ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diptendu","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga  Mississauga ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5514-3859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Gerlai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; 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