{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T20:27:09Z","timestamp":1783196829098,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]],"date-time":"2018-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/06892\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/06892\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/03094\u20104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/03094\u20104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["300552\/2013\u20109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["300552\/2013\u20109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peripheral nerve injuries severely impair patients\u2019 quality of life as full recovery is seldom achieved. Upon axonal disruption, the distal nerve stump undergoes fragmentation, and myelin breaks down; the subsequent regeneration progression is dependent on cell debris removal. In addition to tissue clearance, macrophages release angiogenic and neurotrophic factors that contribute to axon growth. Based on the importance of macrophages for nerve regeneration, especially during the initial response to injury, we treated mice with granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF) at various intervals after sciatic nerve crushing. Sciatic nerves were histologically analyzed at different time intervals after injury for the presence of macrophages and indicators of regeneration. Functional recovery was followed by an automated walking track test. We found that GM\u2010CSF potentiated early axon growth, as indicated by the enhanced expression of growth\u2010associated protein at 7\u00a0days postinjury. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression increased at the beginning and at the end of the regenerative process, suggesting that nitric oxide is involved in axon growth and pruning. As expected, GM\u2010CSF treatment stimulated macrophage infiltration, which increased at 7 and 14\u00a0days; however, it did not improve myelin clearance. Instead, GM\u2010CSF stimulated early brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production, which peaked at 7\u00a0days. Locomotor recovery pattern was not improved by GM\u2010CSF treatment. The present results suggest that GM\u2010CSF may have beneficial effects on early axonal regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,12]],"date-time":"2018-08-12T00:49:30Z","timestamp":1534034970000},"page":"2152-2164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor improves mouse peripheral nerve regeneration following sciatic nerve crush"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Luis","family":"Bombeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Toledo Nunes","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4224-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Leite Rodrigues","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(91)90265-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00408-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4382fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-009-0226-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(82)90234-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2011.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201503019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-014-0201-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC.2009.26.2.E3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/698256"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.133.1.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404880101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-010-0697-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.175042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3RU0316-144R"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444960"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fejn.14106","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ejn.14106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T05:16:24Z","timestamp":1695014184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ejn.14106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ejn.14106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.14106","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-816X","1460-9568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-816X","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-02-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}