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These inconsistent results could be due to the use of different empathy\u2010eliciting stimuli. While some studies used pictures of faces exhibiting a painful expression, others used pictures of limbs in painful situations. In this study, we used<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content>to compare activation in areas associated with empathy processing (empathy network) for these two types of stimuli in 31 participants (16 with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>, 15<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">controls<\/jats:styled-content>). We found a group difference in the inferior frontal gyrus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFG<\/jats:styled-content>) and the thalamus when participants viewed stimuli of limbs in painful situations, but not when they viewed face stimuli with a painful expression. Both groups of participants activated their empathy network more when viewing pictures of limbs in painful situations than when viewing pictures of faces with a painful expression; this increased activation for limbs versus faces was significantly enhanced in controls relative to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>participants, especially in the secondary somatosensory cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SII<\/jats:styled-content>). Our findings suggest that empathy defect of people with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>is contingent upon the type of stimuli used, and may be related to the level of Mirror Neuron System involvement, as brain regions showing group differences (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFG<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SII<\/jats:styled-content>) underlie embodiment. We discuss the potential clinical implications of our findings in terms of developing interventions boosting the empathetic abilities of people with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T12:54:03Z","timestamp":1535720043000},"page":"2333-2342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effect of visual stimuli of pain on empathy brain network in people with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Amandine","family":"Lassalle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MGH\/Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging\/Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The 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