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Subcortical responses to envelope periodicity of vowels can be assessed using scalp\u2010recorded envelope following responses (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s); however, the amplitude of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s vary by vowel spectra and the causal relationship is not well understood. One cause for spectral dependency could be interactions between responses with different phases, initiated by multiple stimulus frequencies. Phase differences can arise from earlier initiation of processing high frequencies relative to low frequencies in the cochlea. This study investigated the presence of such phase interactions by measuring\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s to two naturally spoken vowels (\/\u03b5\/ and \/u\/), while delaying the envelope phase of the second formant band (F2+) relative to the first formant (F1) band in 45\u00b0 increments. At 0\u00b0 F2+ phase delay,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s elicited by the vowel \/\u03b5\/ were lower in amplitude than the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s elicited by \/u\/. Using vector computations, we found that the lower amplitude of \/\u03b5\/\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s was caused by linear superposition of F1\u2010 and F2+\u2010contributions with larger F1\u2010F2+ phase differences (166\u00b0) compared to \/u\/ (19\u00b0). While the variation in amplitude across F2+ phase delays could be modeled with two dominant\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    sources for both vowels, the degree of variation was dependent on F1 and F2+\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    characteristics. Together, we demonstrate that (a) broadband sounds like vowels elicit independent responses from different stimulus frequencies that may be out\u2010of\u2010phase and affect scalp\u2010based measurements, and (b) delaying higher frequency formants can maximize\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    amplitudes for some vowels.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]],"date-time":"2018-09-22T05:25:18Z","timestamp":1537593918000},"page":"3126-3145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Phase\u2010locked responses to the vowel envelope vary in scalp\u2010recorded amplitude due to across\u2010frequency response interactions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7944-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijayalakshmi","family":"Easwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Communication Sciences &amp; Disorders and Waisman Center University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"National Center for Audiology Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashlee","family":"Banyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communication Sciences and Disorders Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Aiken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Communication Disorders Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Purcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Audiology Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Communication Sciences and Disorders Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000092589"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2008.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1916502"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v031.i10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(02)00459-8"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Praat: A system for doing phonetics by computer","volume":"5","author":"Boersma P.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glot International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Bridgwater E.(2017).Its all about context: Investigating the effects of consonant and vowel environment on vowel\u2010evoked envelope following responses. 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