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A growing body of evidence is uncovering how key design features of multiline slot machines produce an inflated experience of reward, despite the fact that these features offer no overall financial benefit to the player. A pernicious example of this are \u2018losses disguised as wins\u2019 (LDWs), which occur when simultaneous bets placed on multiple lines result in a winning combination that returns an amount greater than zero, but less the total wager. These events are usually accompanied by the same celebratory sounds and animations that accompany true wins. We argue that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDW<\/jats:styled-content>s may leverage neuropsychological phenomena that underlie reinforcement learning and contribute to extended or repetitive use and gambling\u2010related harm. While other characteristics of slot machine gambling have been examined by cognitive neuroscientists, this feature has not yet received attention. Neuroscientific methods can be used to assess the impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDW<\/jats:styled-content>s on the human reward system, to assess the claim that these events are a reinforcing and contributing factor in the development of harmful play. Positive findings would provide further persuasive evidence in support of strategies to minimise gambling harm through the regulation of machine design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T01:06:36Z","timestamp":1538442396000},"page":"2384-2391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cognitive neuroscience can support public health approaches to minimise the harm of \u2018losses disguised as wins\u2019 in multiline slot machines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0378-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Myles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mental Health Research Hub Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences Monash University 770 Blackburn Rd Clayton Vic 3800 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mental Health Research Hub Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences Monash University 770 Blackburn Rd Clayton Vic 3800 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Y\u00fccel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mental Health Research Hub Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences Monash University 770 Blackburn Rd Clayton Vic 3800 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Gambling Activity in Australia","author":"Armstrong A.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-57994-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9688-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3684-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0578-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000059"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000152"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Rapid onset of pathological gambling in machine gamblers: a replication","volume":"2","author":"Breen R.B.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. 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