{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:26:17Z","timestamp":1790717177885,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y1AA\u20103009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y1AA\u20103009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIDA\u2010IRP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIDA\u2010IRP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with neuroinflammation, which likely contributes to alcohol\u2010related pathology. However, positron emission tomography (PET) studies using radioligands for the 18\u2010kDa translocator protein (TSPO), which is considered a biomarker of neuroinflammation, reported decreased binding in alcohol use disorder (AUD) participants compared to controls. In contrast, autoradiographic findings in alcohol exposed rats reported increases in TSPO radioligand binding. To assess if these discrepancies reflected differences between in vitro and in vivo methodologies, we compared in vitro autoradiography (using [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]PBR28 and [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]PK11195) with in vivo PET (using [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]PBR28) in male, Wistar rats exposed to chronic alcohol\u2010vapor (dependent <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) and in rats exposed to air\u2010vapor (nondependent <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010). PET scans were obtained with [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]PBR28, after which rats were euthanized and the brains were harvested for autoradiography with [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]PBR28 and [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]PK11195 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07 dependent and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07 nondependent), and\u00a0binding quantified in hippocampus, thalamus, and parietal cortex. Autoradiography revealed significantly higher binding in alcohol\u2010dependent rats for both radioligands in thalamus and hippocampus (trend level for [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]PBR28) compared to nondependent rats, and these group differences were stronger for [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]PK11195 than [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]PBR28. In contrast, PET measures obtained in the same rats showed no group difference in [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]PBR28 binding. Our in vitro data are consistent with neuroinflammation associated with chronic alcohol exposure. Failure to observe similar increases in [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]PBR28 binding in vivo suggests the possibility that a mechanism mediated by chronic alcohol exposure interferes with [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]PBR28 binding to TSPO in vivo. These data question the sensitivity of PBR28 PET as a methodology to assess neuroinflammation in AUD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T06:29:03Z","timestamp":1551162543000},"page":"1831-1842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Detecting neuroinflammation in the brain following chronic alcohol exposure in rats: A comparison between in vivo and in vitro TSPO radioligand binding"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4495-037X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Tyler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon Joo","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruslan","family":"Damadzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Stodden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro F.","family":"Vendruscolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health, NIH Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George F.","family":"Koob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Bethesda Maryland"},{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health, NIH Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gene\u2010Jack","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2934-8794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinde E.","family":"Wiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora D.","family":"Volkow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Bethesda Maryland"},{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health, NIH Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0976-10.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.11.2321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-017-1099-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410240603"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91287-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01725.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05625-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0799-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0239-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2017.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.125625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01576.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.051425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000197995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1230907100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.09.093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"1529","article-title":"Increase of diazepam binding inhibitor mRNA levels in the brains of chronically ethanol\u2010treated and \u2010withdrawn mice","volume":"273","author":"Katsura M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(97)00330-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2007.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0085-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2012.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04039.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(96)10049-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2016.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1487-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b00142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci6020016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1981.tb02014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1980.tb02068.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20665"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(02)00715-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.165019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03798.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-017-9765-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","first-page":"423","article-title":"Mental disorders among alcoholics. Relationship to age of onset and cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptides","volume":"48","author":"Roy A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.115.228130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.03.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(91)81190-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22933"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-9070-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(87)90424-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI79828"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2013.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Alcohol and Alzheimer's disease\u2010does alcohol dependence contribute to beta\u2010amyloid deposition, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease?","volume":"52","author":"Venkataraman A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.8.1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4877-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2015.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2008.03.010"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fejn.14392","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ejn.14392","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ejn.14392","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ejn.14392","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T02:22:30Z","timestamp":1694312550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ejn.14392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ejn.14392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.14392","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-816X","1460-9568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-816X","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}