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While most stimulators are capable of operating in double\u2010blind mode, the amount of discomfort experienced during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> may break blinding. Therefore, specifically designed sham stimulation protocols are being used. The \u201cfade\u2010in, short\u2010stimulation, fade\u2010out\u201d (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSF<\/jats:styled-content>) protocol has been used in hundreds of studies and is commonly believed to be indistinguishable from real stimulation applied at 1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mA<\/jats:styled-content> for 20\u00a0min. We analysed subjective reports of 192 volunteers, who either received real <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a096) or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSF tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a096). Participants reported more discomfort for real <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> and correctly guessed the condition above chance\u2010level. These findings indicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSF<\/jats:styled-content> does not ensure complete blinding and that better active sham protocols are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T03:06:09Z","timestamp":1553051169000},"page":"3261-3268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Blinding is compromised for transcranial direct current stimulation at 1\u00a0<scp>mA<\/scp> for 20\u00a0min in young healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Zsolt","family":"Turi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Csifcs\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nya Mehnwolo","family":"Boayue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Aslaksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Antal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Medical Psychology Otto\u2010Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Paulus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Integrative Model\u2010based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy E.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birte","family":"Forstmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Model\u2010based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Opitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Thielscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0205-7353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Mittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-3878-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14347"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Change in mean frequency of resting\u2010state electroencephalography after transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"00","author":"Boonstra T. 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