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While visual saliency is computed during moments of active fixation, it is not known whether the same is true while engaged in smooth pursuit of a moving stimulus, which is very common in real\u2010world vision. Here, we examined extrafoveal saliency coding in the superior colliculus, a midbrain area associated with attention and gaze, during smooth pursuit eye movements. We found that SC neurons from the superficial visual layers showed a robust representation of peripheral saliency evoked by a conspicuous stimulus embedded in a wide\u2010field array of goal\u2010irrelevant stimuli. In contrast, visuomotor neurons from the intermediate saccade\u2010related layers showed a poor saliency representation, even though most of these neurons were visually responsive during smooth pursuit. These results confirm and extend previous findings that place the SCs in a unique role as a saliency map that monitors peripheral vision during foveation of stationary and now moving objects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]],"date-time":"2019-05-11T14:11:33Z","timestamp":1557583893000},"page":"4258-4268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Superior colliculus encodes visual saliency during smooth pursuit eye movements"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4517-535X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian J.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience Studies Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Itti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience Studies Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/9.5.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-060909-152823"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2008.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3710-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/EB.S53613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90692.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2016.00034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.11.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230534"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113728"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1972.35.4.560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1313-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Hays A. 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