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We designed a laboratory task to replicate this situation in which participants actively pushed against a robotic manipulandum until they exceeded an unpredictable threshold, at which point the manipulandum moved freely. Human participants were instructed to either stop the movement of the handle following this unloading perturbation, or to continue pushing. We found that participants were able to modulate their reflexes in response to this unpredictable and self\u2010triggered unloading perturbation according to the instruction they were following, and that this reflex modulation could not be explained by pre\u2010perturbation muscle state. However, in a second task, where participants reactively produced force during the pre\u2010unloading phase in response to the robotic manipulandum to maintain a set hand position, they were unable to modulate their reflexes in the same task\u2010dependent way. This occurred even though the forces they produced were matched to the first task and they had more time to prepare for the unloading event. We suggest this disparity occurs because of different neural circuits involved in posture and movement, meaning that participants in the first task did not require additional time to switch from postural to movement control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T06:04:10Z","timestamp":1559628250000},"page":"3531-3543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Maintaining arm control during self\u2010triggered and unpredictable unloading perturbations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1025-4533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasha","family":"Reschechtko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Institute Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Robarts Research Institute Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Western BrainsCAN Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Western University London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders S.","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section Department of Integrative Medical Biology Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Andrew Pruszynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Institute Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Robarts Research Institute Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Western BrainsCAN Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Western University London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Western University London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-2245-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00241125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"925","article-title":"Functional tuning of the nervous system with control of rhythmical movement or maintenance of steady posture: 1. 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