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The context\u2010dependent associative learning process that underlies diazepam dependence can be interfered by pre\u2010exposure to the drug administration context, an effect known as latent inhibition. Considering this background, the primary aim of the present investigation is to develop a therapeutic strategy to prevent diazepam withdrawal in male Wistar rats by interfering with this learning process. Nitric oxide is a crucial player in learning and memory, hippocampal synaptic transmission and in diazepam withdrawal. Then, a secondary goal is to determine how latent inhibition could alter functional plasticity and neuronal nitric oxide synthase enzyme (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101) expression within the hippocampus, by using multi\u2010unitary cell recordings and Western blot, respectively. Our results indicate that chronic diazepam treated animals under latent inhibition did not show anxiety, or changes in hippocampal synaptic transmission, but a significant reduction in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101 expression was observed. Accordingly, pharmacological\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101 inhibition resembles behavioral and electrophysiological changes induced by latent inhibition. Contrary, diazepam treated animals under Control protocol expressed anxiety and evidenced an increased hippocampal\u2010plasticity, without alterations in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101 expression. In conclusion, manipulation of the contextual cues presented during diazepam administration may be considered as an effective non\u2010pharmacological tool to prevent the withdrawal syndrome. This behavioral strategy may influence hippocampal synaptic transmission, probably by alterations in nitric oxide signaling pathways in this structure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T15:39:20Z","timestamp":1562945960000},"page":"3843-3854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cognitive interference as a possible therapeutic strategy to prevent expression of benzodiazepine withdrawal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Emilce","family":"Artur de la Villarmois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas IFEC\u2010CONICET Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Ciudad Universitaria C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7337-9248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariela Fernanda","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas IFEC\u2010CONICET Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Ciudad Universitaria C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e3283512c6d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2003.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-05-01941.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01546-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"2","volume-title":"CADTH rapid response reports","author":"CADTH","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2005.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1694"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1997000800010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"604","article-title":"Alprazolam use and dependence. 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