{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T02:20:08Z","timestamp":1789957208283,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["406\u201017\u2010540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406\u201017\u2010540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["451\u201013\u2010024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451\u201013\u2010024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["453\u201015\u2010008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["453\u201015\u2010008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In recent years, the influence of alpha (7\u201313\u00a0Hz) phase on visual processing has received a lot of attention. Magneto\u2010\/encephalography (M\/EEG) studies showed that alpha phase indexes visual excitability and task performance. Studies with transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) aim to modulate oscillations and causally impact task performance. Here, we applied right occipital tACS (O2 location) to assess the functional role of alpha phase in a series of experiments. We presented visual stimuli at different pre\u2010determined, experimentally controlled, phases of the entraining tACS signal, hypothesizing that this should result in an oscillatory pattern of visual performance in specifically left hemifield detection tasks. In experiment 1, we applied 10\u00a0Hz tACS and used separate psychophysical staircases for six equidistant tACS\u2010phase conditions, obtaining contrast thresholds for detection of visual gratings in left or right hemifield. In experiments 2 and 3, tACS was at EEG\u2010based individual peak alpha frequency. In experiment 2, we measured detection rates for gratings with (pseudo\u2010)fixed contrast. In experiment 3, participants detected brief luminance changes in a custom\u2010built LED device, at eight equidistant alpha phases. In none of the experiments did the primary outcome measure over phase conditions consistently reflect a one\u2010cycle sinusoid. However, post hoc analyses of reaction times (RT) suggested that tACS alpha phase did modulate RT for specifically left hemifield targets in both experiments 1 and 2 (not measured in experiment 3). This observation requires future confirmation, but is in line with the idea that alpha phase causally gates visual inputs through cortical excitability modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]],"date-time":"2020-01-14T01:14:40Z","timestamp":1578964480000},"page":"2299-2313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Does alpha phase modulate visual target detection? Three experiments with tACS\u2010phase\u2010based stimulus presentation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3870-4981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom A.","family":"de Graaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN) Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alix","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN) Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanice E.W.","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sander","family":"van Bree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology &amp; Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH) University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne","family":"ten Oever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Sack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN) Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) Brain+Nerve Centre Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+) Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01797193"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Cyclic changes in excitability of the optic pathway of the rabbit","volume":"103","author":"Bishop G.","year":"1933","journal-title":"American Journal of Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0113-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.132.3441.1765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Spatially specific vs. unspecific disruption of visual orientation perception using chronometric pre\u2010stimulus TMS","volume":"9","author":"de Graaf T. 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