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To test this hypothesis, we noise\u2010exposed 26 guinea pigs, identified evidence of tinnitus in 12 of them and then compared the effects of an iontophoretically applied NO donor or production inhibitor on VCN single unit activity. We confirmed that the mean driven firing rate for the tinnitus and control groups was the same while it had fallen in the non\u2010tinnitus group. By contrast, the mean spontaneous rate had increased for the tinnitus group relative to the control group, while it remained the same for the non\u2010tinnitus group. A greater proportion of units responded to exogenously applied NO in the tinnitus (56%) and non\u2010tinnitus groups (71%) than a control population (24%). In the tinnitus group, endogenous NO facilitated the driven firing rate in 37% (7\/19) of neurons and appeared to bring the mean driven rate back up to control levels by a mechanism involving N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. By contrast, in the non\u2010tinnitus group, endogenous NO only facilitated the driven firing rate in 5% (1\/22) of neurons and there was no facilitation of driven rate in the control group. The effects of endogenous NO on spontaneous activity were unclear. These results suggest that NO is involved in increasing the gain applied to driven activity, but other factors are also involved in the increase in spontaneous activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,19]],"date-time":"2020-07-19T22:36:40Z","timestamp":1595198200000},"page":"4057-4080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Nitric oxide increases gain in the ventral cochlear nucleus of guinea pigs with tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Hockley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Kresge Hearing Research Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 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