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However, there is little evidence that oscillatory brain stimulation can modulate the cortical control of muscle activities during gait, which can be assessed using coherence analysis of paired surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gait\u2010combined transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at the gait cycle frequency on the cortical control of muscle activities during gait using EMG\u2010EMG coherence analysis. Fourteen healthy young adults participated in this study. All participants underwent 2 test conditions (real tACS and sham stimulation over the leg area of the primary motor cortex during 10\u2010min treadmill walking). The average peak\u2010to\u2010peak amplitudes of the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the tibialis anterior (TA) and lateral gastrocnemius muscles in the sitting position and EMG\u2010EMG coherences in the TA muscle, triceps surae muscles, quadriceps muscles, and hamstring muscles during gait were measured before and after stimulation. Entrainment effect was significantly higher during real tACS than during sham stimulation. After real tACS, the MEP amplitude and beta band (13\u201333\u00a0Hz) coherence area increased in the TA muscle. The change in MEP amplitude from the TA muscle was positively correlated with the change in beta band coherence area in the TA muscle. Gait\u2010combined tACS can modulate the strength of descending neural drive to TA motoneurons during gait. This suggests that oscillatory brain stimulation is a useful therapeutic tool to modulate the cortical control of muscle activities during gait.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T16:10:16Z","timestamp":1596039016000},"page":"4791-4802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Gait\u2010combined transcranial alternating current stimulation modulates cortical control of muscle activities during gait"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6580-7946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Kitatani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Kansai Rehabilitation Hospital Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Koganemaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biological Information Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Mikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Brain Research Center Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Matsuhashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Mima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Core Ethics and Frontier Sciences Ritsumeikan University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8194-6927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigehito","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2007.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53355-5.00012-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2014.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00382.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v031.i10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00066.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.1.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(87)90082-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315586464"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp021104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn939"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019851"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"e53527","article-title":"Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS)","volume":"107","author":"Feher K. 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