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Males are more susceptible to neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder and attention\u2010deficit activity disorder, while women are more prone to major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders after puberty. A striking difference between males and females in humans and other mammals is that males undergo a process of brain masculinization due to the early exposure to gonadal hormones. In rodents, this developmental organization of the brain is essential for adult males to express the appropriate sexual behaviors in the presence of a receptive female. Our goal was to determine whether this process of brain masculinization influences behaviors relevant to psychiatric disorders. To this aim, we studied sex differences and the effect of neonatal 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol benzoate treatment of female mice on different disease\u2010relevant behaviors. Our analysis includes postnatal behavior, juvenile play, and adult tests for sociability, repetitive behaviors, anxiety, and depression. Our results show that the sex differences observed in exploration, repetitive behaviors, and depression\u2010related behaviors are largely reduced when females are neonatally treated with 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol benzoate. These results suggest a role of neonatal sex steroids in the development of disease\u2010relevant behaviors and provide evidence supporting a role for perinatal exposure to estrogens and androgens on the development and manifestation of psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T13:12:23Z","timestamp":1611666743000},"page":"2483-2499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Early estradiol exposure masculinizes disease\u2010relevant behaviors in female mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Araceli","family":"Seiffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE) CONICET\u2010Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro Federico","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE) CONICET\u2010Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio Dar\u00edo","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE) CONICET\u2010Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Milagros","family":"Albarr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE) CONICET\u2010Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8006-6151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaicha Mara","family":"Depino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE) CONICET\u2010Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1254"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm04"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.60.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-002-0381-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Utilization of same\u2010 vs. mixed\u2010sex dyads impacts the observation of sex differences in juvenile social play behavior","volume":"6","author":"Argue K. 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