{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:26:06Z","timestamp":1792758366625,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001717","name":"Universiteit Leiden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The acquired immobility response during the \u201cforced swim test (FST)\u201d is not a rodent model of depression, but the test has some validity in predicting a compound's antidepressant potential. Nevertheless, 60% of the about 600 papers that were published annually the past 2\u00a0years label the rodent's immobility response as depression\u2010like behaviour, but the relative contribution per country is changing. When the Editors\u2010in\u2010Chief of 5 journals publishing most FST papers were asked for their point of view on labelling immobility as depression\u2010like behaviour and despair, they responded that they primarily rely on the reviewers regarding scientific merit of the submission. One Editor informs authors of the recent NIMH notice (\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/grants.nih.gov\/grants\/guide\/notice-files\/NOT-MH-19-053.html\">https:\/\/grants.nih.gov\/grants\/guide\/notice\u2010files\/NOT\u2010MH\u201019\u2010053.html<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ) which encourages investigators to use animal models \u201cfor\u201d addressing neurobiological questions rather than as model \u201cof\u201d specific mental disorders. The neurobiological questions raised by use of the FST fall in two categories. First, research on the role of endocrine and metabolic factors, with roots in the 1980s, and with focus on the\n                    <jats:italic>bottom\u2010up<\/jats:italic>\n                    action of glucocorticoids on circuits processing salient information, executive control and memory consolidation. Second, recent findings using novel technological and computational advances that have allowed great progress in charting\n                    <jats:italic>top\u2010down<\/jats:italic>\n                    control in the switch from active to passive coping with the inescapable stressor executed by neuronal ensembles of the medial prefrontal cortex via the peri\u2010aquaductal grey. It is expected that combining neural\n                    <jats:italic>top\u2010down<\/jats:italic>\n                    and endocrine\n                    <jats:italic>bottom\u2010up<\/jats:italic>\n                    approaches will provide new insights in the role of stress\u2010coping and adaptation in pathogenesis of mental disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T12:07:28Z","timestamp":1612613248000},"page":"2813-2831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Forced swim stressor: Trends in usage and mechanistic consideration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2204-9361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc L.","family":"Molendijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology Leiden University  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9176-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. 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