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The objective of this study was to explore the time course of long\u2010interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) that involves gamma\u2010amino butyric acid (GABA)\u2010B transmission and late cortical disinhibition (LCD) (that combines GABA\u2010A and GABA\u2010B mechanisms) in patients with WC and in control subjects. A double pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol was used to evoke LICI and LCD while the subjects either gripped a cylinder between their thumb and index fingers or relaxed all their upper limb muscles. We measured the ratio between primed and unprimed motor evoked potential in the first dorsal interosseous at interstimulus intervals ranging between 60 and 300\u00a0ms. Though the cortical silent period was not different between the groups, LICI lasted longer in patients with WC, that is, LCD was delayed for more than 30\u00a0ms and reached a higher level. In addition to the alteration of inhibitory mechanism mediated by GABA\u2010B transmission, LCD which probably involves presynaptic inhibition is also modified in patients with WC with possible consequences on the activity of primary motor cortex inhibitory and excitatory circuits which control the hand muscles.caus<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T08:45:47Z","timestamp":1622537147000},"page":"4712-4720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Late cortical disinhibition in focal hand dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Caux\u2010Dedeyst\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ULR 7369 \u2013 URePSSS \u2013 Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Sant\u00e9 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Univ Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale Univ Lille Univ Artois Calais France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Allart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R\u00e9\u00e9ducation Neurologique C\u00e9r\u00e9brol\u00e9sion CHU de Lille H\u00f4pital Pierre Swynghedauw Lille France"},{"name":"univ Lille, UMR\u2010S\u20101172 lilncog Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ULR 7369 \u2013 URePSSS \u2013 Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Sant\u00e9 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Univ Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale Univ Lille Univ Artois Calais France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Kreisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurologie &amp; Pathologie du Mouvement CHU de Lille H\u00f4pital Roger Salengro Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Derambure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"univ Lille, UMR\u2010S\u20101172 lilncog Lille France"},{"name":"Neurophysiologie Clinique CHU de Lille H\u00f4pital Roger Salengro Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0296-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Devanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ULR 7369 \u2013 URePSSS \u2013 Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Sant\u00e9 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Univ Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale Univ Lille Univ Artois Calais France"},{"name":"Neurophysiologie Clinique CHU de Lille H\u00f4pital Roger Salengro Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.3.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.12.1869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Focal hand dystonia may result from aberrant neuroplasticity","volume":"94","author":"Byl N. 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