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This study determined if the effect on heart rate using galvanic vestibular stimulation persists after provoking a sympathetic response and if this response differs when using unilateral or transmastoid (bilateral) stimulation. We analysed heart rate and heart rate variability using unilateral and transmastoid galvanic vestibular stimulation combined with cardiovascular reflex evoked by postural change in 24 healthy human subjects. Three electrode configurations were selected for unilateral stimulation considering the anatomical location of each semicircular canal. We compared recordings performed in seated and standing positions, and with unilateral and transmastoid stimulation. With subjects seated, a significant transient decrease in heart rate was observed with unilateral stimulation. With transmastoid stimulation, heart rate decreased in both seated and standing positions. Average intervals between normal heartbeats recorded with stimulation resemble parasympathetic cardiac function induced by auricular vagal nerve stimulation. Our results indicate that unilateral stimulation does not eliminate the natural heart rate increase caused by orthostatic hypotension. In contrast, transmastoid stimulation provoked a transient reduction in heart rate, even when subjects were standing. These responses should be considered while performing experiments with galvanic vestibular stimulation and subsequent effects in cardiac regulation mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T15:26:40Z","timestamp":1622647600000},"page":"4670-4681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A transient decrease in heart rate with unilateral and bilateral galvanic vestibular stimulation in healthy humans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7435-7414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Pliego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico Toluca de Lerdo M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla Puebla M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7532-2483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla Puebla M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico Toluca de Lerdo M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5361-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 J.","family":"Reyes\u2010Lagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico Toluca de Lerdo M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2428-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla Puebla M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00454.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10168"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.04.004"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"966","article-title":"Roll vs. pitch rotation under orthostatic stress","volume":"71","author":"Banks R. 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