{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:43:33Z","timestamp":1772160213090,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A and M University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA\u2010binding protein, regulates cocaine\u2010induced neuronal plasticity and is critical for the normal development of drug\u2010induced locomotor sensitization, as well as reward\u2010related learning in the conditioned place preference assay. However, it is unknown whether FMRP impacts behaviors that are used to more closely model substance use disorders. Utilizing a cocaine intravenous self\u2010administration (IVSA) assay in\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout (KO) and wild\u2010type (WT) littermate mice, we find that, despite normal acquisition and extinction learning,\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO mice fail to make a normal upward shift in responding during dose\u2013response testing. Later, when given access to the original acquisition dose under increasing fixed ratio (FR) schedules of reinforcement (FR1, FR3, and FR5),\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO mice earn significantly fewer cocaine infusions than WT mice. Importantly, similar deficits are not present in operant conditioning using a palatable food reinforcer, indicating that our results do not represent broad learning or reward\u2010related deficits in\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO mice. Additionally, we find an FMRP target, the activity\u2010regulated cytoskeleton\u2010associated protein (Arc), to be significantly reduced in synaptic cellular fractions prepared from the nucleus accumbens of\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO, compared with WT, mice following operant tasks reinforced with cocaine but not food. Overall, our findings suggest that FMRP facilitates adjustments in drug self\u2010administration behavior that generally serve to preserve reinforcement level, and combined with our similar IVSA findings in\n                    <jats:italic>Arc<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO mice may implicate Arc, along with FMRP, in behavioral shifts that occur in drug taking when drug availability is altered.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T08:56:42Z","timestamp":1623833802000},"page":"4920-4933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The fragile X mental retardation protein promotes adjustments in cocaine self\u2010administration that preserve reinforcement level"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1979-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Huebschman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics Texas A&amp;M University Health Science Center  Bryan Texas USA"},{"name":"Texas A&amp;M Institute for Neuroscience Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6098-8047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan C.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics Texas A&amp;M University Health Science Center  Bryan Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherina","family":"Tovar Pensa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics Texas A&amp;M University Health Science Center  Bryan Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics Texas A&amp;M University Health Science Center  Bryan Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3687-3148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura N.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics Texas A&amp;M University Health Science Center  Bryan Texas USA"},{"name":"Texas A&amp;M Institute for Neuroscience Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5387.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2006.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26853-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00568-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.08.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-11-04785.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00224-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.05.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64052377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.02.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2336"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1090-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-008-0182-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(90)90552-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.122205699"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00161"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010115)98:2<161::AID-AJMG1025>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1187801"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013855108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1245503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.10005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4650-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-14-05139.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.800"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3888-10.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1366-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2019.172818"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2781295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90431-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-11-04226.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.54.101601.145237"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1205-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00447-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith 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