{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T16:01:31Z","timestamp":1783094491956,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VIDI 917.11.319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VIDI 917.11.319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The hypothalamus has been suggested to be important in the initiation cascade of migraine attacks based on clinical and biochemical observations. Previous imaging studies could not disentangle the changes due to the attack and those due to the trigger compound. With a novel approach, we assessed hypothalamic neuronal activity in early premonitory phases of glyceryl\u2010trinitrate (GTN)\u2010induced and spontaneous migraine attacks. We measured the hypothalamic blood oxygen level\u2010dependent (BOLD) response to oral glucose ingestion with 3T\u2010functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 27 women,\n                    <jats:styled-content>16<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    with migraine without aura and\n                    <jats:styled-content>11<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    controls group matched for age and body mass index (BMI), on 1\u2009day without prior GTN administration and on a second day after GTN administration (to coincide with the premonitory phase of an induced attack). Interestingly, subgroups of patients with and without GTN\u2010triggered attacks could be compared. Additionally, five migraineurs were investigated in a spontaneous premonitory phase. Linear mixed models were used to study between\u2010 and within\u2010group effects. Without prior GTN infusion, the BOLD response to glucose was similar in migraine participants and controls (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.41). After prior GTN infusion, recovery occurred steeper and faster in migraineurs (versus Day 1;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) and in those who developed an attack versus those who did not (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). Prior GTN infusion did not alter the glucose\u2010induced response in controls (versus baseline;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.71). Just before spontaneous attacks, the BOLD\u2010response recovery was also faster (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). In this study, we found new and direct evidence of altered hypothalamic neuronal function in the immediate preclinical phase of both GTN\u2010provoked and spontaneous migraine attacks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T02:32:24Z","timestamp":1625193144000},"page":"5189-5202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Hypothalamic functional MRI activity in the initiation phase of spontaneous and glyceryl trinitrate\u2010induced migraine attacks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1050-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willebrordus P. 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