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Most of this research, however, has relied on data from males, and very few studies have included both sexes. The present study investigated the impact of peri\u2010adolescent social isolation on social preference, anxiety\u2010like behaviour, and vasopressin neural circuitry of male and female Long Evans rats. Rats were either housed alone for 3\u2009weeks beginning at weaning (Isolated) or in groups (Group\u2010housed). In adulthood, rats were tested in social preference, open field, marble burying, and light\/dark box tests, and brains were processed for vasopressin immunohistochemistry. Isolated males exhibited a lower social preference score and spent more time in the light zone of the light\/dark box than their group\u2010housed counterparts. Isolated and Group\u2010housed females did not differ in these measures. Peri\u2010adolescent social isolation did not alter vasopressin fibre density in target areas known to influence social and anxiety\u2010like behaviours (the lateral septum or lateral habenula), but increased fibre density in an output pathway of the circadian pacemaker (projections to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus); an effect detected across both sexes. A previously unreported sex difference was also detected for vasopressin fibre density in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (females &gt; males). These findings demonstrate long\u2010term consequences of peri\u2010adolescent social isolation on social preference, anxiety\u2010like behaviour, and the circadian vasopressin pathway and suggest that socio\u2010affective development of males is more vulnerable to social stressors during the juvenile and adolescent stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T23:44:38Z","timestamp":1636415078000},"page":"7790-7804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Long\u2010term consequences of peri\u2010adolescent social isolation on social preference, anxiety\u2010like behaviour, and vasopressin neural circuitry of male and female rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Brianna L.","family":"Kinley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University at Buffalo, SUNY  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Kyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University at Buffalo, SUNY  Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience Program University at Buffalo, SUNY  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamijah S.","family":"Lawton\u2010Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University at Buffalo, SUNY  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deena M.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Neuroscience Oregon Health &amp; Science University School of Medicine  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9097-1390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University at Buffalo, SUNY  Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience Program University at Buffalo, SUNY  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)00403-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(81)90251-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05974.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730419873511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01274-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2018.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12476"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2015_390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Childhood Welfare Information Gateway. 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