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As a number of positive and null findings have been reported in the literature, the present meta\u2010analysis sought to synthesise results across endurance, strength and visuomotor skill domains to investigate if tDCS improves any aspect of sporting performance. Online database searches in August 2020 identified 43 full\u2010text studies which examined the acute effects of tDCS compared to sham\/control conditions on physical endurance, muscular strength, and visuomotor skills in healthy adults. Meta\u2010analysis indicated a small overall effect favouring tDCS stimulation over sham\/control (standardized mean difference (SMD)\u2009= \u20090.25, CI95%[.14;.36]). Effects on strength (SMD\u2009= \u20090.31, CI95%[.10;.51]) and visuomotor (SMD\u2009= \u20090.29, CI95%[.00;.57]) tasks were larger than endurance performance (SMD\u2009= \u20090.18, CI95%[.00;.37]). Meta\u2010regressions indicated effect sizes were not related to stimulation parameters, but other factors such as genetics, gender, and experience may modulate tDCS effects. The results suggest tDCS has the potential to be used as an ergogenic aid in conjunction with a specified training regime.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:58:01Z","timestamp":1639443481000},"page":"468-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Transcranial direct current stimulation and sporting performance: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of transcranial direct current stimulation effects on physical endurance, muscular strength and visuomotor skills"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Trish T.","family":"Chinzara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Health Science University of Exeter  Exeter UK"},{"name":"Goldsmiths University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Buckingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Health Science University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3880-3856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Health Science University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8040536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04417-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3212-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.08.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01867"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8050081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0750-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2019.101554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002561"},{"issue":"01","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Ergogenic effects of Bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation on fitness: A randomized cross\u2010over trial","volume":"42","author":"Codella R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05633.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"Meta\u2010analysis in mental health: A practical guide","author":"Cuijpers P.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Datta A. 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