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In their seminal study, Polan\u00eda et al. (2012) (de\u2010)coupled a fronto\u2010parietal theta\u2010network by applying transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and showed that anti\u2010phase tACS led to slower and in\u2010phase tACS to faster response times in a verbal WM task compared to placebo stimulation. In the literature, this \u2018synchronization\u2010desynchronization\u2019 effect has only been partly replicated, and electric field modelling suggests that it might not be the fronto\u2010parietal network that is primarily stimulated during in\u2010phase tACS with a shared return electrode. This provides one possible reason for inconsistency in the literature. In this study, we aimed to reproduce the findings reported by Polan\u00eda et al. (2012). We also aimed to investigate whether in\u2010phase theta tACS with multiple close\u2010by return electrodes for focal stimulation of the frontal and the parietal cortex will have at least as much of a facilitatory effect as the in\u2010phase stimulation as indicated by Polania et al. (2012). In a single\u2010trial distributional analysis, we explored whether mean, variation and right\u2010skewness of the response time distribution are affected. Against our hypothesis, we found no \u2018synchronization\u2010desynchronization\u2019 effect by fronto\u2010parietal theta tACS on response times using the same delayed letter discrimination task and stimulation parameters in two experiments, both between\u2010subjects and within\u2010subjects. However, we could show that in a more demanding 3\u2010back task, fronto\u2010parietal in\u2010phase and in\u2010phase focal theta tACS substantially improved task performance compared to placebo stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T16:43:35Z","timestamp":1639413815000},"page":"405-425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Modulating verbal working memory with fronto\u2010parietal transcranial electric stimulation at theta frequency: Does it work?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8922-0429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Lena","family":"Biel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Leopoldstr. 13 Munich 80802 Germany"},{"name":"Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Gro\u00dfhaderner Str. 2 Planegg\u2010Martinsried 82152 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Sterner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Leopoldstr. 13 Munich 80802 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"R\u00f6ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Leopoldstr. 13 Munich 80802 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Sauseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Leopoldstr. 13 Munich 80802 Germany"},{"name":"Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Gro\u00dfhaderner Str. 2 Planegg\u2010Martinsried 82152 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.10.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-160714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10581-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-120710-100422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411408885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12057-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2018-017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)00020-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das A. 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