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Extracellular signal\u2010regulated protein kinase 1\/2 (ERK1\/2) plays a key role in synaptic plasticity. We established CIH model in male SD rats and examined their expression of p\u2010ERK1\/2 and PSD\u201095, as well as in CIH group; the effect of SL327 on the expression of p\u2010ERK1\/2 and PSD\u201095 in hippocampus of CIH model rats was observed by pretreating the experimental rats with SL327 during peak time of p\u2010ERK1\/2 expression. Mean oxygen saturation in the tail artery was lower in the CIH group. CIH groups exhibited increased escape latencies in the navigation test and decreased numbers of platform crossings in the space exploration test. Reduced volume, irregular structure, deepened cytoplasmic eosinophilic staining in the cytoplasm and decreased nuclear size were found in hippocampal neurons in the 28\u2010d CIH and 28\u2010d CIH\u2009+\u2009SL327 group. The hippocampus of CIH rats' p\u2010ERK expressions gradually increased with prolonged CIH exposure but decreased after SL327 treatment. Moreover, PSD\u201095 expressions gradually reduced in the 14\u2010d CIH, 21\u2010d CIH and 28\u2010d CIH groups but increased in the SL327\u2010treated group. The SL327 intervention decreased p\u2010ERK1\/2 expression, increased PSD\u201095 expression and improved cognitive function in CIH rats. The present findings provide some insights into the mechanisms underlying OSAS\u2010associated cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T05:04:07Z","timestamp":1646370247000},"page":"1471-1482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Inhibition of ERK1\/2 regulates cognitive function by decreasing expression levels of PSD\u201095 in the hippocampus of CIH rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4035-2556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi China"},{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi 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