{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:44:15Z","timestamp":1781624655514,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could effectively relieve the pain and depression in neuropathic pain (NP) patients. However, the specific treatment parameters and exact mechanism are still unclear. Our purpose is to observe the effects of rTMS on pain and despair\u2010like behaviour in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats and explore its possible mechanism. Thirty\u2010two 8\u2010week\u2010old male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (S,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098), CCI group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098), 1\u2009Hz\u2010rTMS group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098) and 10\u2009Hz\u2010rTMS group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098). The rTMS was applied to the left dorsal anterior agranular insular (AId) 1\u2009week after the operation, once a day, 5\u2009days\/week for 4 consecutive weeks. Mechanical hyperalgesia, despair\u2010like behaviours and sciatic nerve function were used to evaluate the effects of rTMS. Besides, glucose metabolism, the metabotropic glutamate receptors 5 (mGluR5), N\u2010Methyl\u2010D\u2010Aspartic acid receptor type 2B (NMDAR2B), tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin\u20106 (Ll\u20106) and interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (Ll\u20101\u03b2) in AId were tested to explore the possible mechanism. Compared with 1\u2009Hz\u2010rTMS, the rats of 10\u2009Hz\u2010rTMS had higher the mechanical hyperalgesia, higher sugar preference and shorter swimming immobility time. Besides, the expressions of mGluR5, NMDAR2B, TNF\u2010\u03b1, Ll\u20101\u03b2 and Ll\u20106 both in 1\u2009Hz\u2010rTMS and 10\u2009Hz\u2010rTMS groups were reduced compared with the CCI group; the 10\u2009Hz\u2010rTMS group had a more decrease than that of 1\u2009Hz\u2010rTMS. Furthermore, the [18]F\u2010FDG uptake was lower than that in the 1\u2009Hz\u2010rTMS group. Compared with 1\u2009Hz\u2010rTMS, 10\u2009Hz\u2010rTMS could more effectively relieve mechanical hyperalgesia and reverse despair\u2010like behaviour in rats. The mechanism could be related to regulating mGluR5\/NMDAR2B\u2010related inflammatory signalling pathways in the AId.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T12:37:22Z","timestamp":1658925442000},"page":"4930-4947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regulates neuroinflammation, relieves hyperalgesia and reverses despair\u2010like behaviour in chronic constriction injury rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanliang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanshuo","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6861-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"},{"name":"Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province  Luzhou China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function  Luzhou 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