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Herein, we simulated extreme early\u2010life exposure to digital devices in rats by audio and visual stimulation and investigated its effects on autism\u2010related behaviours and brain structural alteration. Male rat pups were exposed to excessive audio\u2013visual stimulation (EAVS) from PND (post\u2010natal day) 12 to PND 35, with and without maternal separation (MS). Autism\u2010related behaviours including abnormal sociability, stereotype behaviours, anxiety and locomotor dysfunction were tested at PND 42. Brain structural alternation was examined by considering the amygdala, mPFC (medial prefrontal cortex) and hippocampal regions while performing 3D quantitative stereological analysis. We found that EAVS led to social behaviour deficit and higher locomotion in rats, which were associated with increases in the number of neurons and volume of the amygdala. We also showed that MS did not exaggerate the effect of extreme sensory stimulation on behaviour and the structure of the brain. This study proposed EAVS in rats as an animal model of early exposure to digital devices for investigating possible neurobiological alternations underlying autistic\u2010like behaviours with an emphasis on the amygdala area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T12:08:06Z","timestamp":1665403686000},"page":"6174-6186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Excessive audio\u2013visual stimulation leads to impaired social behaviour with an effect on amygdala: Early life excessive exposure to digital devices in male rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2910-0673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monireh","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences Shahid Beheshti 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