{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:43:41Z","timestamp":1772160221643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPIN\u201005394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPIN\u201005394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Motion opponency, first observed within the primate middle temporal cortex (MT), refers to the suppressing effect of opposite motion directions on neuronal activity. Namely, when opposing motion directional signals stimulate an MT neuron's receptive field, this neuron's response is comparable with that induced by flicker noise. Under such suppression, it is unknown whether any directional information is still represented at MT. In this study, we applied support vector machine (SVM) learning to human functional magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate if any motion defined orientation information was still available from suppressed MT. We found that, at least at the level of \u00b145\u00b0 discrimination, such orientation information was still available. Interestingly, after behavioural perceptual learning that improved human discrimination of fine orientation discrimination (e.g. 42\u00b0 vs. 48\u00b0) using the MT\u2010suppressive motion stimuli, the SVM discrimination of \u00b145\u00b0 worsened when functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals at post\u2010learning MT were used. This result is consistent with findings in Thompson et al. (2013) that, post\u2010perceptual learning, MT suppression was not released, suggesting that motion opponency was perhaps functionally too important for perceptual learning to overcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T21:59:45Z","timestamp":1666303185000},"page":"6215-6226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Motion opponency at the middle temporal cortex: Preserved motion information and the effect of perceptual learning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruizhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of 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