{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:18:15Z","timestamp":1792034295296,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    L\u2010dopa variably influences transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) parameters of motor cortex (M1) excitability and plasticity in Parkinson's disease (PD). In patients OFF dopaminergic medication, impaired M1 plasticity and defective GABA\u2010A\u2010ergic inhibition can be restored by boosting gamma (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) oscillations via transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) during intermittent theta\u2010burst stimulation (iTBS). However, it is unknown whether L\u2010dopa modifies the beneficial effects of iTBS\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tACS on M1 in PD. In this study, a PD patients group underwent combined iTBS\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tACS and iTBS\u2010sham\u2010tACS, each performed both OFF and ON dopaminergic therapy (four sessions in total). Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by single TMS pulses and short\u2010interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were assessed before and after iTBS\u2010tACS. We also evaluated possible SICI changes during\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tACS delivered alone in OFF and ON conditions. The amplitude of MEP elicited by single TMS pulses and the degree of SICI inhibition significantly increased after iTBS\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tACS. The amount of change produced by iTBS\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tACS was similar in patients OFF and ON therapy. Finally,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tACS (delivered alone) modulated SICI during stimulation and this effect did not depend on the dopaminergic condition of patients. In conclusion, boosting cortical\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    oscillatory activity via tACS during iTBS improved M1 plasticity and enhanced GABA\u2010A\u2010ergic transmission in PD patients to the same extent regardless of dopaminergic state. These results suggest a lack of interaction between L\u2010dopa and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tACS effects at the M1 level. The possible neural substrate underlying iTBS\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    tACS effects, that is,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010resonant GABA\u2010A\u2010ergic interneurons activity, may explain our findings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T04:18:51Z","timestamp":1668572331000},"page":"201-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Assessing the interaction between L\u2010dopa and\n                    <i>\u03b3<\/i>\n                    \u2010transcranial alternating current stimulation effects on primary motor cortex plasticity in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6601-4964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Guerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed  Pozzilli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"D'Onofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Unit of Clinical Neurophysiology and Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience University of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Asci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed  Pozzilli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florinda","family":"Ferreri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Unit of Clinical Neurophysiology and 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