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Here, using multivariate pattern classification methods, we decoded spatial patterns of neural signals associated with Flanker task performance in mono\u2010dialectal and bi\u2010dialectal speakers of Chinese. While univariate approach to even\u2010related potentials (ERPs) showed no between\u2010group difference, decoding accuracy of ERPs was reduced in bi\u2010dialectal as compared to mono\u2010dialectal speakers in both congruent\u2010neutral and incongruent\u2010neutral classifications. There was no effect of bidialectalism, however, on decoding accuracy of alpha\u2010band oscillations, an electrophysiological index implicated in inhibition. Behavioural data analysed using the Drift Diffusion Model (DDM) showed facilitating effects of bidialectalism on non\u2010decision times but no effect on drift rates. These findings demonstrate that using two dialects on a daily basis enhances general attentional deployment rather than affecting specific component of executive functions such as inhibitory control. Given that the two dialects of Chinese differed almost exclusively in phonology, the bidialectalism effect was most likely motivated by resolving phonological competition at lexical processing level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T10:43:43Z","timestamp":1674125023000},"page":"840-853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multivariate decoding methods reveal how speaking two dialects affects executive functions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4162-3322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts Jiangsu Normal University  Xuzhou China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Ability Jiangsu Normal University  Xuzhou 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