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The characterization of this exchange process in humans has relied primarily upon serial magnetic resonance imaging following intrathecal gadolinium\u2010based contrast agent injection. However, less invasive approaches are needed. Here, we administered a gadolinium\u2010based contrast agent intravenously in eight healthy participants and acquired magnetic resonance imaging scans prior to and 30, 90, 180, and 360\u2009min post contrast injection. Using a region\u2010of\u2010interest approach, we observed that peripheral tissues and blood vessels exhibited high enhancement at 30\u2009min after contrast administration, likely reflecting vascular and peripheral interstitial distribution of the gadolinium\u2010based contrast agent. Ventricular, grey matter and white matter enhancement peaked at 90\u2009min, declining thereafter. Using k\u2010means clustering, we identify distinct distribution volumes reflecting the leptomeningeal perivascular network, superficial grey matter and deep grey\/white matter that exhibit a sequential enhancement pattern consistent with parenchymal contrast enhancement via the subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid compartment. We also outline the importance of correcting for (otherwise automatic) autoscaling of signal intensities, which could potentially lead to misinterpretation of gadolinium\u2010based contrast agent distribution kinetics. In summary, we visualize and quantify delayed tissue enhancement following intravenous administration of gadolinium\u2010based contrast agent in healthy human participants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T15:45:42Z","timestamp":1679759142000},"page":"1689-1704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Quantification approaches for magnetic resonance imaging following intravenous gadolinium injection: A window into brain\u2010wide glymphatic function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0205-7492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sutton B.","family":"Richmond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida 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Neurology University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) VA Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Kernagis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens T.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility, McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael D.","family":"Seidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases University of Florida  Gainesville Florida 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