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Recent evidence showed that the cortical activations triggered by each heartbeat, namely, heartbeat\u2010evoked responses (HERs), can detect through machine learning the presence of minimal consciousness and distinguish between overt and covert minimal consciousness. In this study, we explore different markers to characterize HERs to investigate whether different dimensions of the neural responses to heartbeats provide complementary information that is not typically found under standard event\u2010related potential analyses. We evaluated HERs and EEG average non\u2010locked to heartbeats in six types of participants: healthy state, locked\u2010in syndrome, minimally conscious state, vegetative state\/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, comatose and brain\u2010dead patients. We computed a series of markers from HERs that can generally separate the unconscious from the conscious. Our findings indicate that HER variance and HER frontal segregation tend to be higher in the presence of consciousness. These indices, when combined with heart rate variability, have the potential to enhance the differentiation between different levels of awareness. We propose that a multidimensional evaluation of brain\u2013heart interactions could be included in a battery of tests to characterize disorders of consciousness. Our results may motivate further exploration of markers in brain\u2013heart communication for the detection of consciousness at the bedside. The development of diagnostic methods based on brain\u2013heart interactions may be translated into more feasible methods for clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T05:55:15Z","timestamp":1688018115000},"page":"3098-3110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Multidimensional assessment of heartbeat\u2010evoked responses in disorders of consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4043-217X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Candia\u2010Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris Brain Institute \u2010 ICM, CNRS, INRIA, INSERM, AP\u2010HP, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris 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