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Two behavioural phases were identified: whisker\u2013snout contact by nose\u2010N or lip\u2010L and snout\u2013tongue contact. The second phase involved either: snout passing over stationary pellet (Still pellet); pellet rolling as the snout passed over it (Rolling pellet); pellet being pushed forward by the snout (Pushed pellet); or pellet being hit and pushed away (Hit\/Lost pellet). In controls, success was 100%, with N\u2010contact prevailing over L\u2010contact in the first phase and Still pellet in the second. In long whisker\u2010trimmed versus controls, success was still 100%, but L\u2010contact increased in frequency, Pushed pellet prevailed and the second phase duration increased. In short whisker\u2010trimmed versus controls, success remained 100%, with increased L\u2010contact frequency; the first phase duration did not change, but the second phase increased since in pushed trials, the pellet rolled around the snout. In ION\u2010severed versus controls, both phases changed drastically: L\u2010contact frequency increased, Pushed pellet prevailed and contact was persistently maintained; Hit\/Lost pellet emerged, Still and Rolling pellets disappeared and the oral\u2010grasping sequence was not triggered. These results suggest that long and short whiskers, respectively, optimize the first and second phases of snout\u2013pellet interaction and that whisker\/snout sense is necessary to trigger oral grasping. Kinematic trajectory analysis supports the conclusion that movement from whisker to snout contact is an orientation response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T02:23:58Z","timestamp":1689128638000},"page":"2724-2745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long and short whiskers differently guide snout\/pellet interaction in rat oral grasping"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Pierantonio","family":"Parmiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neurophysiology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia  Ferrara 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