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Individuals with ASD present various neurobiological abnormalities, including an altered immune response in the central nervous system and other tissues. Animal models like the C58\/J inbred mouse strain are used to study biological characteristics of ASD. This strain is considered an idiopathic autism model because of its demonstrated reduced social preference and repetitive behaviours. Notably, C58\/J mice exhibit alterations in dendritic arbour complexity, density and dendritic spines maturation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), but inflammatory\u2010related changes have not been explored in these mice. In this study, we investigated proinflammatory markers in the hippocampus and PFC of adult male C58\/J mice. We discovered elevated levels of interferon gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP\u20101) in the hippocampus, suggesting increased inflammation, alongside a reduction in the anti\u2010inflammatory enzyme arginase 1 (ARG1). Conversely, the PFC displayed reduced levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and MCP\u20101. Microglial analysis revealed higher levels of transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119) and increased microglial density in a region\u2010specific manner of the autistic\u2010like mice, particularly in the PFC and hippocampus. Additionally, an augmented expression of the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 was observed in the hippocampus and PFC of C58\/J mice. Microglial morphological analysis shows no evident changes in the hippocampus of mice with autistic\u2010like behaviours versus wild\u2010type strain. These region\u2010specific changes can contribute to modulate processes like inflammation or synaptic pruning in the C58\/J mouse model of idiopathic autism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T17:02:50Z","timestamp":1701968570000},"page":"154-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Changes in neuroinflammatory markers and microglial density in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the C58\/J mouse model of autism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Juan F.","family":"Duarte\u2010Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica y Toxicolog\u00eda Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM)  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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