{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:49:36Z","timestamp":1791377376635,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HD098152\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HD098152\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Limited options exist to evaluate the development of hippocampal function in young children. Research has established that trace eyeblink conditioning (EBC) relies on a functional hippocampus. Hence, we set out to investigate whether trace EBC is linked to hippocampal structure, potentially serving as a valuable indicator of hippocampal development. Our study explored potential associations between individual differences in hippocampal volume and neurite density with trace EBC performance in young children. We used\n                    <jats:italic>onset latency of conditioned responses<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>(CR)<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>percentage of conditioned responses (% CR)<\/jats:italic>\n                    as measures of hippocampal\u2010dependent associative learning. Using a sample of typically developing children aged 4 to 6\u00a0years (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930; 14 girls;\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095.70\u00a0years), participants underwent T1\u2010 and diffusion\u2010weighted MRI scans and completed a 15\u2010min trace eyeblink conditioning task conducted outside the MRI.\n                    <jats:italic>% CR<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>CR<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>onset latency<\/jats:italic>\n                    were calculated based on all trials involving tone\u2010puff presentations and tone\u2010alone trials. Findings revealed a connection between greater left hippocampal neurite density and delayed\n                    <jats:italic>CR onset latency<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Children with higher neurite density in the left hippocampus tended to blink closer to the onset of the unconditioned stimulus, indicating that structural variations in the hippocampus were associated with more precise timing of conditioned responses. No other relationships were observed between hippocampal volume, cerebellum volume or neurite density, hippocampal white matter connectivity and any EBC measures. Preliminary results suggest that trace EBC may serve as a straightforward yet innovative approach for studying hippocampal development in young children and populations with atypical development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:47:18Z","timestamp":1702514838000},"page":"358-369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neurite density of the hippocampus is associated with trace eyeblink conditioning latency in 4\u2010 to 6\u2010year\u2010olds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2190-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Vieites","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey  New Brunswick New Jersey 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